Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity is one of the greatest achievements of 20th-century physics. Published in 1916, it explains that what we perceive as the force of gravity arises from the curvature of space and time. The theory predicted that the universe must either expand or contract, but Einstein thought the universe was static, so around 1917, he introduced the idea of a force that counteracts gravity on a comic scale so that the universe neither shrinks nor expands. This is known as Einstein's cosmological constant.
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